基于动态冲击试验的通勤类飞机座椅符合性验证技术

国产某型民用通勤类飞机为了取得欧洲航空安全局(EASA)型号合格证,机上座椅需进行设计更改并补充进行应急着陆情况下的动态要求符合性验证.通过对适航条款及相应标准的解读,研究了基于动态试验的航空座椅动态要求适航验证技术,其主要包括座椅动态性能基本要求、试验构型及工况筛选、试验规划、合格判据和试验结果分析等内容.结果表明,该型机旅客座椅满足适航规章对座椅的动态性能要求.该项旅客座椅动态性能试验的成功为型号取得EASA型号合格证奠定了良好的基础,该型飞机也即将成为第一个取得欧洲型号合格证的国产飞机.     

一种飞行器集群管理和任务分离的组网方法

组网是卫星、无人机等飞行器集群实现协同的基础。传统自组织组网技术针对地面随机移动场景设计，不适用于拓扑和传输根据任务变化的飞行器集群场景，为此设计了一种管理与任务分离的组网方法，将网络分为管理面和任务面两个逻辑层面，管理面负责拓扑发现、路由建立、任务规划等基础组网功能，任务面负责任务执行过程中的数据传输功能。管理面和任务面实行不同的组网策略，从而使得网络的传输性能根据管理和任务执行的不同需求进行优化，以减少协议开销及降低传输自干扰。     

Nash-equilibria in a heterogeneous oligopoly with fuzzy information

We consider a model of an oligopolistic market with heterogeneous firms and products where neither the cost nor the demand functions are common knowledge. Instead, each firm only has some vague ideas about the price strategies adopted by its competitors which is modelled by a fuzzy set. In analogy to the notion of an "equilibrium of actions and beliefs" we define and characterize a generalized Nash-equilibrium and show its existence under general conditions. Furthermore, the impact of the fuzzy information on the equilibrium outcome is analyzed by means of a comparative static analysis within a particular model framework.Received: 28 May 2002, Accepted: 25 December 2002, JEL Classification: D43, D80, L13We wish to thank Bernhard F. Arnold, the editor Murat Sertel , and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. Of course, we are responsible for all remaining errors.     

Outsourcing, Imports and Labour Demand

This paper examines the effects of purchased services and imported intermediate materials on the labour demand for different skills in German manufacturing sectors. We derive and estimate a factor demand system based on the generalised Box–Cox cost function nesting both the normalised quadratic and the translog functional form. We find that the impacts of output and capital growth are more important in explaining the demand for heterogeneous labour than substitution effects between labour and non–labour inputs. Similarly, the increasing use of both imported materials and purchased services is a consequence of output growth rather than input substitution.
JEL classification : J 23; O 33     

基于演化博弈论的知识联盟动态复杂性分析

知识联盟是企业间为共同创造知识和进行知识共享而建立的联盟。本文从演化博弈论的角度，探讨了进行知识联盟的企业交互活动的复杂性可能对异质知识流的扩散和知识联盟稳定性造成多重可能结果。分析表明：一个企业实施知识流的更新（如建立知识联盟）和顺利扩散，取决于不同因素的作用，并表现出不同的复杂演化结果。对于已建立知识联盟的企业来说。这些不同的结果会对知识联盟的稳定性产生影响。如果企业最终都达到主动变流知识的策略选择状态，则异质知识得以在企业间扩散，从而强化企业间的知识联盟，但如果企业最终没有达到这一状态，则企业知识联盟的稳定性将被削弱。     

企业多元化的新模式：基于核心能力的虚拟经营

本文研究了企业多元化经营的科学含义，创建了一个二元作用定性模型来论证企业发展到一定阶段多元化经营的必然性，研究了现代企业虚拟经营的背景，含义以及企业深化，培育核心能力与开展虚拟经营之间的本质联系，考察了多元化成功与失败的众多企业案例，当代多元化经营成功的企业大多是基于核心能力的战略相关多元化，而虚拟经营也是核心能力培育，深化的产物，借助于基于核心能力的虚拟经营以实现相关多元化发展，是企业多元化的一条新途径，相对于传统多元化而言，它更具竞争优势。     

Impact of Divergent Consumer Confidence on Option Prices

This paper investigates the impact of divergent consumer confidence on option prices. To model this, we assume that consumers disagree on the expected growth rate of aggregate consumption. With other conditions unchanged in the discrete-time Black–Scholes option-pricing model, we show that the representative consumer will have declining relative risk aversion instead of the assumed constant relative risk aversion. In this case all options will be underpriced by the Black–Scholes model under the assumption of bivariate lognormality. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

异质性环境规制、技术创新与中国工业绿色化

基于中介效应模型和2007~2016年中国省际面板数据，构建异质性环境规制、技术创新与工业绿色化的作用机理理论分析框架，并通过构建异质性环境规制指标体系和工业绿色化指标体系将异质性环境规制与技术创新驱动工业绿色化的作用机理进行实证检验。研究发现：行政型环境规制对工业绿色化起抑制作用，不存在技术创新中介效应；市场型环境规制对工业绿色化的影响存在部分中介效应，可通过技术创新"挤出效应"抑制工业绿色化；公众型环境规制与工业绿色化关系只有中介效应，且公众型环境规制通过技术创新"激励效应"促进工业绿色化；异质性环境规制驱动工业绿色化的技术创新中介效应的研究结论经稳健性检验依然不变。研究认为：在推进异质性环境规制驱动工业绿色化过程中，应充分利用公众型环境规制驱动技术创新"激励效应"，同时应有效规避市场型环境规制驱动技术创新"挤出效应"。     

Sovereign default risk in OECD countries: Do global factors matter?

We study the determinants of sovereign default risk for a group of 23 OECD countries using quarterly data spanning the period between 2000:Q1 and 2016:Q3. Applying the recently developed panel dynamic heterogeneous common correlated effects estimator of Chudik and Pesaran (2015) our study innovates in considering potential endogeneity issues and cross-sectional dependence. We control for both global risk appetite and monetary policy stance, as well as country risk ratings. The results show that common factors are the main drivers of solvency risk for our set of countries. Specially relevant, we find that macroeconomic determinants are not significant predictors of long-term sovereign spreads.     

Aircraft and passenger recovery during an aircraft’s unexpected unavailability

Airlines design their initial schedules under the assumption that all resources will be available on time and flights will operate as planned. However, some disruptions occur due to mechanical failures and unexpected delays of maintenance, making the aircraft unavailable for a certain period of time. These deviations from the initial plan result in high operational costs in addition to the serious inconveniences experienced by passengers. In order to handle aircraft and passenger recovery problems simultaneously, we work on integrated networks at which aircraft routings and passenger itineraries are superimposed. Consequently, we could calculate the actual profit and cancellation cost by evaluating each passenger itinerary while considering the seat capacity limitations. In our computational results, we use a daily schedule of a major U.S. airline and clearly demonstrate that there is an optimal trade-off between operating and passenger-related costs.